The short answer is placental abruption is when part of the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus. The condition generally occurs in the third trimester of the pregnancy. About one in one hundred women will experience placental abruption during their pregnancies.
The symptoms of placental abruption are vaginal bleeding, combined with some degree of pain ranging from mild to severe. The amount of bleeding varies depending on the size of the tear. In all cases, there is danger of oxygen deprivation in the baby. Less common, but possible is danger to the life of the mother due to excessive bleeding. Any symptoms of placental abruption should be reported to your health care provider immediately.
The exact cause of placental abruption is not known. In some cases, it can be caused by trauma to the uterus or problems with the umbilical cord. In addition, certain lifestyle factors can increase the risk of placental abruption. These include smoking and using certain drugs including cocaine. High blood pressure is thought to be a contributing health factor, as is being over the age of 35. If you had placental abruption in a previous pregnancy, there is a ten percent chance you will have it again.
Treatment will depend on the severity of the placental abruption. Small tears are monitored, since they are generally not dangerous. If the tear is larger and the bleeding is severe, the baby may need to be born. Often a c section is required in this case, due to the danger to mom and baby.
The gestational age of the baby will factor into the decision making regarding early delivery. If the baby is not ready to be born, your doctor may admit you to the hospital. This allows the medical staff to monitor you and the baby. In some cases, steroids may be given to help the baby’s lungs mature. If the condition worsens to the point where continuing the pregnancy is riskier than preterm delivery, your baby will be born.
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