Ibuprofen is another over-the-counter painkiller that can be classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). It has been used for pain relief, fever, and inflammation since the 1970s — the FDA approved ibuprofen in 1974.
You may know ibuprofen as: Advil, Medipren, Motrin, Nuprin, and more.
How it works: ibuprofen helps block the enzyme in the body that makes the chemicals (prostaglandins) that cause pain, fever, and inflammation. By blocking the enzyme that makes the prostaglandins, swelling, pain, and fever are reduced.
Ibuprofen is available in a variety of forms, including liquid suspension, oral drops, and chewable tablets (for children and people who have difficulty swallowing pills), tablets, and capsules. The usual adult dose ranges between 200 and 400 milligrams every four to six hours. This dosage is used to treat minor aches, mild or moderate pain, fever, and menstrual cramps. People with arthritis may take up to 800 milligrams up to four times per day. You should take ibuprofen with a meal to help prevent upset stomach.
If your doctor has you using ibuprofen, the maximum daily dose is 3.2 grams. If you are not under the care of a physician, the maximum daily dose is 1.2 grams. Ibuprofen should not be used for more than 10 days for pain or 3 days for fever — unless directed by a doctor.
Side effects of ibuprofen include:
- Rash
- Ear ringing
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Abdominal pain and/or nausea
- Diarrhea or constipation
In some cases, ibuprofen can cause ulcers in the stomach and/or intestines. This may occur with or without abdominal pain; watch for black, tarry stools, weakness, and dizziness on standing. NSAIDs can also reduce blood flow to the kidneys — avoid ibuprofen and other NSAIDs if you have a preexisting kidney condition.
Drug interactions with ibuprofen can vary. If you are taking lithium, blood pressure medicine, blood thinners, or anticoagulants, you should talk to your doctor before taking ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen (and other NSAIDs) is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women.