Metabolic bone disease is an unfortunately common disease in reptiles. Though it is most often seen in iguanas, it can arise in any pet reptile. The disease is most often caused by poor care and diet, and can be easily corrected in the early stages.
The symptoms of metabolic bone disease can vary depending on the severity of the case and the length of time over which the disease developed. Most of the symptoms are related to bone and muscle effects, as calcium is key for bone formation and muscle function.
You may see a reptile with metabolic bone disease exhibit the following symptoms:
- Bowed legs due to bone weakness
- Swollen legs
- Bumps on the long bones of the legs
- Arched spine
- Bumps along the bones of the spine
- A softening and swelling of the jaw, known as “rubber jaw”
- A receding of the lower jaw
- Tremor
- Jerky movements in the muscles of the legs and toes
- Lameness due to muscle weakness
- Anorexia, loss of appetite and weight loss
- Constipation
- Bone fractures due to bone weakness
- Lethargy
- Overall weakness
- Partial paralysis — inability to lift body off the ground
Turtles with metabolic bone disease can also experience a softening of the shell.
Metabolic bone disease is distinctive and can often be diagnosed on the basis of the symptoms and a physical exam. X-rays can confirm a diagnosis and monitor treatment. Mild cases of metabolic bone disease can be treated with dietary changes and proper care. Severe cases can require intense vitamin and calcium supplements as directed by a veterinarian.
If you suspect that your pet reptile has metabolic bone disease, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. A vet that specializes in reptiles can help you correct your husbandry and your food offerings to ensure that you have a healthy, happy reptile in your home.