Just about every box of tampons comes with a warning about toxic shock syndrome.
Toxic shock syndrome is a complication from a bacterial infection most often seen in women who use tampons. Staph bacteria and strep bacteria have both been associated with toxic shock syndrome, but staph is more often the bacteria to blame. But toxic shock syndrome isn’t just a problem for women who are menstruating — and using tampons or contraceptive sponges. Men, children, and postmenopausal women can also develop toxic shock syndrome after a skin wound or surgery.
Common symptoms include: high fever (102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher), headache, vomiting and/or diarrhea, sore throat, and aching muscles. These may be followed within twenty-four hours by a rash that resembles sunburn — often on the hands and feet. You may also experience red or bloodshot eyes. After three or four days, you may start to notice broken blood vessels on the skin.
Other symptoms can include confusion, fatigue and/or weakness, thirst, and decreased urination.
So why are tampons so often associated with toxic shock syndrome? Some experts believe that when a tampon is left in place for too long, it can encourage the breeding of bacteria. Others suspect that certain types of tampon may scrape or scratch the vagina, allowing bacteria to enter the bloodstream.
One of the best ways to prevent toxic shock syndrome is to change your tampon often — if that is the protection you choose to use during your period. Most doctors suggest changing a tampon every four to eight hours. You should also try to use the “lightest” tampon that will handle your flow. Avoiding tampons entirely can cut down the risk of toxic shock syndrome greatly.
If you have previously had a staph or strep infection or toxic shock syndrome, the problem can recur. You may be best off avoiding tampons entirely and choosing another method of controlling your flow.